{"id":14768,"date":"2025-11-07T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/?p=14768"},"modified":"2025-10-31T13:32:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T04:32:00","slug":"understanding-korean-grammar-%ea%b1%b0%eb%82%98-vs-%ec%9d%b4%eb%82%98-in-topik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/understanding-korean-grammar-%ea%b1%b0%eb%82%98-vs-%ec%9d%b4%eb%82%98-in-topik\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Korean Grammar: -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098 in TOPIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14761\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Korean learners often confuse <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> because both express \u201cchoice\u201d or \u201coption.\u201d<br>However, <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong>, while <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>nouns (things or options)<\/strong>.<br>In this post, we\u2019ll learn their differences, see how they\u2019re used naturally, and look at how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPIK<\/a> questions test them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> means \u201cor\u201d and is used to connect <strong>verbs or adjectives<\/strong>.<br>It shows that there are <strong>two or more possible actions or states<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Choice between actions, possibilities, or states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verb or adjective stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used both in spoken and written Korean to express alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubcf4\uac70\ub098 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucee4\ud53c\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uac70\ub098 \ucc28\ub97c \ub9c8\uc154\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 \ud0dd\uc2dc\ub97c \ud0c0\uac70\ub098 \uac78\uc5b4\uac00\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong> \u2014 never for nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The particle <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> also means \u201cor,\u201d but it is used with <strong>nouns<\/strong>.<br>It can show <strong>choice between nouns<\/strong> or <strong>approximation (\u201cabout \/ as many as\u201d)<\/strong> depending on context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Choice):<\/strong> Connects two nouns as options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Approximation):<\/strong> Expresses \u201caround \/ about\u201d (quantity or frequency).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc774\ub098<\/strong> after consonant-ending nouns, <strong>-\ub098<\/strong> after vowel-ending nouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38 (Choice):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\ubc25\uc774\ub098 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud654\ub098 \uacf5\uc5f0\uc744 \ubd10\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38 (Approximation):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 30\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as 30 students)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb3c\uc744 \ub450 \ubcd1\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\uc168\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as two bottles)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>nouns<\/strong>, not verbs, and remember it can mean \u201cabout\/as many as.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These grammar points are commonly tested in grammar and reading sections.<br>The key is to see whether the blank follows a <strong>verb\/adjective<\/strong> or a <strong>noun<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uce5c\uad6c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098( ) \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<\/strong> (Verb connection \u2192 \u201cmeet or watch\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\uce58\ucc0c\uac1c( ) \ube44\ube54\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Noun connection \u2192 \u201cKimchi stew or bibimbap\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc5f4 \uba85( ) \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Approximation \u2192 \u201cabout ten students\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>After verbs\/adjectives \u2192 -\uac70\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>After nouns \u2192 -(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watch for context: sometimes <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> doesn\u2019t mean \u201cor\u201d but \u201cas many as.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice switching forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc774\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Noun choice)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uac70\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Verb choice)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>While both mean \u201cor,\u201d <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects actions or descriptions, and <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects nouns or expresses approximation. Recognizing what comes before the blank \u2014 a noun or a verb \u2014 is the key to answering these TOPIK questions correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370\u201d \u2014 contrasting ideas in Korean.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Korean learners often confuse -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098 because both express \u201cchoice\u201d or \u201coption.\u201dHowever, -\uac70\ub098 connects verbs\/adjectives (actions or states), while -(\uc774)\ub098 connects nouns (things or\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-grammar"],"comments_count":0,"content_native":[{"type":"core\/image","render":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14761\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","content":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK.jpg","data":{"alt":"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098 in TOPIK","src":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uac70\ub098-vs-\uc774\ub098-in-TOPIK.jpg","linkDestination":"none","align":"center"},"style":{"width":"600px","height":600,"align":"center","parent_style":{},"sizeSlug":"full","alignSelf":"center"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Korean learners often confuse <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> because both express \u201cchoice\u201d or \u201coption.\u201d<br>However, <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong>, while <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>nouns (things or options)<\/strong>.<br>In this post, we\u2019ll learn their differences, see how they\u2019re used naturally, and look at how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK<\/a> questions test them.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Korean learners often confuse <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> because both express \u201cchoice\u201d or \u201coption.\u201d<br>However, <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong>, while <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects <strong>nouns (things or options)<\/strong>.<br>In this post, we\u2019ll learn their differences, see how they\u2019re used naturally, and look at how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK<\/a> questions test them."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Grammar Focus \u2013 -\uac70\ub098 vs -(\uc774)\ub098","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-\uac70\ub098","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> means \u201cor\u201d and is used to connect <strong>verbs or adjectives<\/strong>.<br>It shows that there are <strong>two or more possible actions or states<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> means \u201cor\u201d and is used to connect <strong>verbs or adjectives<\/strong>.<br>It shows that there are <strong>two or more possible actions or states<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Choice between actions, possibilities, or states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verb or adjective stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used both in spoken and written Korean to express alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Choice between actions, possibilities, or states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verb or adjective stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used both in spoken and written Korean to express alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubcf4\uac70\ub098 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucee4\ud53c\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uac70\ub098 \ucc28\ub97c \ub9c8\uc154\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 \ud0dd\uc2dc\ub97c \ud0c0\uac70\ub098 \uac78\uc5b4\uac00\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubcf4\uac70\ub098 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucee4\ud53c\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uac70\ub098 \ucc28\ub97c \ub9c8\uc154\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 \ud0dd\uc2dc\ub97c \ud0c0\uac70\ub098 \uac78\uc5b4\uac00\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong> \u2014 never for nouns.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>verbs\/adjectives (actions or states)<\/strong> \u2014 never for nouns."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-(\uc774)\ub098","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The particle <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> also means \u201cor,\u201d but it is used with <strong>nouns<\/strong>.<br>It can show <strong>choice between nouns<\/strong> or <strong>approximation (\u201cabout \/ as many as\u201d)<\/strong> depending on context.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The particle <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> also means \u201cor,\u201d but it is used with <strong>nouns<\/strong>.<br>It can show <strong>choice between nouns<\/strong> or <strong>approximation (\u201cabout \/ as many as\u201d)<\/strong> depending on context."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Choice):<\/strong> Connects two nouns as options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Approximation):<\/strong> Expresses \u201caround \/ about\u201d (quantity or frequency).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc774\ub098<\/strong> after consonant-ending nouns, <strong>-\ub098<\/strong> after vowel-ending nouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Choice):<\/strong> Connects two nouns as options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Approximation):<\/strong> Expresses \u201caround \/ about\u201d (quantity or frequency).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc774\ub098<\/strong> after consonant-ending nouns, <strong>-\ub098<\/strong> after vowel-ending nouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38 (Choice):<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38 (Choice):"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\ubc25\uc774\ub098 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud654\ub098 \uacf5\uc5f0\uc744 \ubd10\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\ubc25\uc774\ub098 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud654\ub098 \uacf5\uc5f0\uc744 \ubd10\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38 (Approximation):<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38 (Approximation):"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 30\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as 30 students)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb3c\uc744 \ub450 \ubcd1\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\uc168\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as two bottles)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 30\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as 30 students)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb3c\uc744 \ub450 \ubcd1\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\uc168\uc5b4\uc694. (as many as two bottles)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>nouns<\/strong>, not verbs, and remember it can mean \u201cabout\/as many as.\u201d<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> for <strong>nouns<\/strong>, not verbs, and remember it can mean \u201cabout\/as many as.\u201d"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>","content":"How They Appear in TOPIK 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>These grammar points are commonly tested in grammar and reading sections.<br>The key is to see whether the blank follows a <strong>verb\/adjective<\/strong> or a <strong>noun<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"These grammar points are commonly tested in grammar and reading sections.<br>The key is to see whether the blank follows a <strong>verb\/adjective<\/strong> or a <strong>noun<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uce5c\uad6c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098( ) \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uce5c\uad6c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098( ) \uc601\ud654\ub97c \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<\/strong> (Verb connection \u2192 \u201cmeet or watch\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<\/strong> (Verb connection \u2192 \u201cmeet or watch\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 2","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\uce58\ucc0c\uac1c( ) \ube44\ube54\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uae40\uce58\ucc0c\uac1c( ) \ube44\ube54\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uac70\uc608\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Noun connection \u2192 \u201cKimchi stew or bibimbap\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Noun connection \u2192 \u201cKimchi stew or bibimbap\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 3","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc5f4 \uba85( ) \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc5f4 \uba85( ) \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uac70\ub098<br>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Approximation \u2192 \u201cabout ten students\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc774\ub098<\/strong> (Approximation \u2192 \u201cabout ten students\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>","content":"Study Tip for TOPIK Learners","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>After verbs\/adjectives \u2192 -\uac70\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>After nouns \u2192 -(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watch for context: sometimes <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> doesn\u2019t mean \u201cor\u201d but \u201cas many as.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice switching forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>After verbs\/adjectives \u2192 -\uac70\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>After nouns \u2192 -(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watch for context: sometimes <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> doesn\u2019t mean \u201cor\u201d but \u201cas many as.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice switching forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc774\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Noun choice)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uac70\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Verb choice)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc774\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Noun choice)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc810\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub77c\uba74\uc744 \uba39\uac70\ub098 \uae40\ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc5b4\uc694. (Verb choice)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>While both mean \u201cor,\u201d <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects actions or descriptions, and <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects nouns or expresses approximation. Recognizing what comes before the blank \u2014 a noun or a verb \u2014 is the key to answering these TOPIK questions correctly.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"While both mean \u201cor,\u201d <strong>-\uac70\ub098<\/strong> connects actions or descriptions, and <strong>-(\uc774)\ub098<\/strong> connects nouns or expresses approximation. Recognizing what comes before the blank \u2014 a noun or a verb \u2014 is the key to answering these TOPIK questions correctly."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370\u201d \u2014 contrasting ideas in Korean.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370\u201d \u2014 contrasting ideas in Korean.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<p><\/p>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}}],"bb_access":{"can_access":true,"restrict_message":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14768"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14769,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768\/revisions\/14769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}