{"id":14766,"date":"2025-11-14T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/?p=14766"},"modified":"2025-10-31T13:28:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T04:28:28","slug":"understanding-korean-grammar-%ec%a7%80%eb%a7%8c-vs-%ec%9c%bc%e3%84%b4-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0-in-topik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/understanding-korean-grammar-%ec%a7%80%eb%a7%8c-vs-%ec%9c%bc%e3%84%b4-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0-in-topik\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Korean Grammar: -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in TOPIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14764\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are used to show contrast in Korean, but they\u2019re not the same.<br><strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> expresses a <strong>clear opposition<\/strong> like \u201cbut,\u201d while <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> can show <strong>contrast, background, or an unexpected situation<\/strong>.<br>Knowing this nuance will help you write and speak naturally \u2014 and avoid losing points in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPIK<\/a> grammar questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> is used to contrast two clauses that have <strong>opposite meanings or expectations<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s similar to \u201cbut\u201d or \u201calthough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Expresses direct opposition between two facts or opinions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verbs\/adjectives or \u201c\uc774\ub2e4\/\uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Very common in both spoken and written Korean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5f4\uc2ec\ud788 \uacf5\ubd80\ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucda5\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> when the second clause <strong>directly contrasts<\/strong> the first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several meanings, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it mainly shows <strong>background or mild contrast<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s softer and more natural in conversation than <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Contrast):<\/strong> \u201cbut,\u201d \u201chowever,\u201d showing mild difference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Background):<\/strong> Provides context for the next action or situation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370 \/ -\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nouns \u2192 <strong>\uc778\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc6d0\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \ub180\uc544\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 \ubc14\uc05c\ub370 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> gives background or connects sentences naturally, not just contrast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the exam, look at how strong the contrast is.<br>If the two clauses <strong>oppose directly<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>; if the second clause <strong>adds background or context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd( ) \uc9c0\uae08 \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc8c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Background connection: I\u2019m a student, and (by the way) I also work.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835( ) \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Clear contrast: difficult but fun.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94( ) \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Opposition: It was cold, but I exercised outside.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strong contrast or opinion \u2192 -\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Background, description, or natural connection \u2192 -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Try rewriting the same sentence both ways:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, but I go out.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, and (since it is) I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Practice listening for intonation \u2014 <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> often sounds softer or more conversational.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> show contrast, but their nuance is different.<br>Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> for direct opposition, and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for background or mild contrast.<br>Understanding this difference is key to writing and speaking naturally \u2014 and scoring higher in TOPIK 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d \u2014 expressing action vs state.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Both -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 are used to show contrast in Korean, but they\u2019re not the same.-\uc9c0\ub9cc expresses a clear opposition like \u201cbut,\u201d while -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 can\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-grammar"],"comments_count":"1","content_native":[{"type":"core\/image","render":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14764\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","content":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK.jpg","data":{"alt":"Understanding Korean Grammar -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in TOPIK","src":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uc9c0\ub9cc-vs-\uc73c\u3134_\ub294\ub370-in-TOPIK.jpg","linkDestination":"none","align":"center"},"style":{"width":"600px","height":600,"align":"center","parent_style":{},"sizeSlug":"full","alignSelf":"center"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are used to show contrast in Korean, but they\u2019re not the same.<br><strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> expresses a <strong>clear opposition<\/strong> like \u201cbut,\u201d while <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> can show <strong>contrast, background, or an unexpected situation<\/strong>.<br>Knowing this nuance will help you write and speak naturally \u2014 and avoid losing points in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK<\/a> grammar questions.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> vs <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are used to show contrast in Korean, but they\u2019re not the same.<br><strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> expresses a <strong>clear opposition<\/strong> like \u201cbut,\u201d while <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> can show <strong>contrast, background, or an unexpected situation<\/strong>.<br>Knowing this nuance will help you write and speak naturally \u2014 and avoid losing points in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK<\/a> grammar questions."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Grammar Focus \u2013 -\uc9c0\ub9cc vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-\uc9c0\ub9cc","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> is used to contrast two clauses that have <strong>opposite meanings or expectations<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s similar to \u201cbut\u201d or \u201calthough.\u201d<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> is used to contrast two clauses that have <strong>opposite meanings or expectations<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s similar to \u201cbut\u201d or \u201calthough.\u201d"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Expresses direct opposition between two facts or opinions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verbs\/adjectives or \u201c\uc774\ub2e4\/\uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Very common in both spoken and written Korean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Expresses direct opposition between two facts or opinions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach directly to verbs\/adjectives or \u201c\uc774\ub2e4\/\uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Very common in both spoken and written Korean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5f4\uc2ec\ud788 \uacf5\ubd80\ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucda5\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5f4\uc2ec\ud788 \uacf5\ubd80\ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucda5\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> when the second clause <strong>directly contrasts<\/strong> the first.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> when the second clause <strong>directly contrasts<\/strong> the first."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several meanings, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it mainly shows <strong>background or mild contrast<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s softer and more natural in conversation than <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several meanings, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it mainly shows <strong>background or mild contrast<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s softer and more natural in conversation than <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Contrast):<\/strong> \u201cbut,\u201d \u201chowever,\u201d showing mild difference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Background):<\/strong> Provides context for the next action or situation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370 \/ -\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nouns \u2192 <strong>\uc778\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function 1 (Contrast):<\/strong> \u201cbut,\u201d \u201chowever,\u201d showing mild difference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Function 2 (Background):<\/strong> Provides context for the next action or situation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370 \/ -\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nouns \u2192 <strong>\uc778\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc6d0\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \ub180\uc544\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 \ubc14\uc05c\ub370 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc6d0\uc774\uc5d0\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \ub180\uc544\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 \ubc14\uc05c\ub370 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> gives background or connects sentences naturally, not just contrast.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> gives background or connects sentences naturally, not just contrast."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>","content":"How They Appear in TOPIK 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>In the exam, look at how strong the contrast is.<br>If the two clauses <strong>oppose directly<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>; if the second clause <strong>adds background or context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"In the exam, look at how strong the contrast is.<br>If the two clauses <strong>oppose directly<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong>; if the second clause <strong>adds background or context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd( ) \uc9c0\uae08 \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc8c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd( ) \uc9c0\uae08 \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc8c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Background connection: I\u2019m a student, and (by the way) I also work.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Background connection: I\u2019m a student, and (by the way) I also work.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 2","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835( ) \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835( ) \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Clear contrast: difficult but fun.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Clear contrast: difficult but fun.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 3","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94( ) \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94( ) \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\ud588\uc5b4\uc694.<br>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Opposition: It was cold, but I exercised outside.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> (Opposition: It was cold, but I exercised outside.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>","content":"Study Tip for TOPIK Learners","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strong contrast or opinion \u2192 -\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Background, description, or natural connection \u2192 -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Try rewriting the same sentence both ways:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strong contrast or opinion \u2192 -\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Background, description, or natural connection \u2192 -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Try rewriting the same sentence both ways:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, but I go out.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, and (since it is) I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, but I go out.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (It\u2019s cold, and (since it is) I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Practice listening for intonation \u2014 <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> often sounds softer or more conversational.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Practice listening for intonation \u2014 <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> often sounds softer or more conversational.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> show contrast, but their nuance is different.<br>Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> for direct opposition, and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for background or mild contrast.<br>Understanding this difference is key to writing and speaking naturally \u2014 and scoring higher in TOPIK 1.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Both <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> show contrast, but their nuance is different.<br>Use <strong>-\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/strong> for direct opposition, and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for background or mild contrast.<br>Understanding this difference is key to writing and speaking naturally \u2014 and scoring higher in TOPIK 1."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d \u2014 expressing action vs state.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Next in this series: <strong>\u201c-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d \u2014 expressing action vs state.<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<p><\/p>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}}],"bb_access":{"can_access":true,"restrict_message":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14767,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766\/revisions\/14767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}