{"id":14760,"date":"2025-11-21T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/?p=14760"},"modified":"2025-10-31T13:24:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T04:24:28","slug":"understanding-korean-grammar-%ea%b3%a0-%ec%9e%88%eb%8b%a4-vs-%ec%95%84-%ec%96%b4-%ec%9e%88%eb%8b%a4-in-topik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/understanding-korean-grammar-%ea%b3%a0-%ec%9e%88%eb%8b%a4-vs-%ec%95%84-%ec%96%b4-%ec%9e%88%eb%8b%a4-in-topik\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Korean Grammar: -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 in TOPIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14762\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Both <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> vs <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> can be translated as \u201cbe doing \/ be in a state,\u201d so many Korean learners confuse them. However, they express <strong>different aspects of action and state<\/strong>. <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows an action in progress, while <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows the result or continuing state after the action is completed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this post, we\u2019ll look at how these two forms differ in meaning, usage, and how they appear in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPIK 1<\/a> questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> expresses an <strong>action in progress<\/strong> \u2014 something happening right now.<br>It can also describe <strong>a repeated or continuous action<\/strong> (similar to English \u201cbe doing\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Ongoing action, repeated habit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> after verb stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with active verbs (e.g., \uba39\ub2e4, \ubcf4\ub2e4, \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub2e4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc694\uc998 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when <strong>the action is happening right now<\/strong> or continuing repeatedly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> describes <strong>a state that remains after an action has finished<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s often used with verbs of <strong>position, attachment, or change of state<\/strong> (\uc549\ub2e4, \uc11c\ub2e4, \uc5f4\ub2e4, \ub2eb\ub2e4, \ucf1c\ub2e4, \ub193\ub2e4, \uac78\ub2e4, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Resulting state after an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4 \/ -\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> depending on the stem vowel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with <strong>stative verbs<\/strong> that describe positions or completed results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uadf8\ub9bc\uc774 \ubcbd\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when describing <strong>the result of an action that continues to exist<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These two forms are often tested in listening and grammar sections.<br>To choose the right one, check <strong>if the verb describes an active action or a state\/result<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubbfc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ud558( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (Action in progress: \u201cShe is talking on the phone.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State: \u201cThe door is open.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State after completion: \u201cThe friend is sitting.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Action in progress \u2192 -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State after completion \u2192 -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uacb0\uacfc + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \ubb38\uc774 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice comparing pairs:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)<\/th><th>State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> both describe continuity, but <strong>the first shows an action in progress<\/strong>, while <strong>the second describes a continuing result or state<\/strong>. Recognizing the difference between \u201cdoing\u201d and \u201cbeing (after doing)\u201d is essential for mastering TOPIK grammar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Continue your TOPIK grammar journey with our full comparison series!<br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Both -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 can be translated as \u201cbe doing \/ be in a state,\u201d so many Korean learners confuse them. However, they\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-grammar"],"comments_count":0,"content_native":[{"type":"core\/image","render":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK.jpg\" alt=\"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 in TOPIK\" class=\"wp-image-14762\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","content":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK.jpg","data":{"alt":"Understanding Korean Grammar_ -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 in TOPIK","src":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Understanding-Korean-Grammar_-\uace0-\uc788\ub2e4-vs-\uc544_\uc5b4-\uc788\ub2e4-in-TOPIK.jpg","linkDestination":"none","align":"center"},"style":{"width":"600px","height":600,"align":"center","parent_style":{},"sizeSlug":"full","alignSelf":"center"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Both <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> vs <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> can be translated as \u201cbe doing \/ be in a state,\u201d so many Korean learners confuse them. However, they express <strong>different aspects of action and state<\/strong>. <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows an action in progress, while <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows the result or continuing state after the action is completed.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Both <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> vs <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> can be translated as \u201cbe doing \/ be in a state,\u201d so many Korean learners confuse them. However, they express <strong>different aspects of action and state<\/strong>. <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows an action in progress, while <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> shows the result or continuing state after the action is completed."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>In this post, we\u2019ll look at how these two forms differ in meaning, usage, and how they appear in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK 1<\/a> questions.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"In this post, we\u2019ll look at how these two forms differ in meaning, usage, and how they appear in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWMAIN\/TWMAIN0010.do\">TOPIK 1<\/a> questions."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Grammar Focus \u2013 -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 vs -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> expresses an <strong>action in progress<\/strong> \u2014 something happening right now.<br>It can also describe <strong>a repeated or continuous action<\/strong> (similar to English \u201cbe doing\u201d).<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> expresses an <strong>action in progress<\/strong> \u2014 something happening right now.<br>It can also describe <strong>a repeated or continuous action<\/strong> (similar to English \u201cbe doing\u201d)."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Ongoing action, repeated habit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> after verb stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with active verbs (e.g., \uba39\ub2e4, \ubcf4\ub2e4, \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub2e4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Ongoing action, repeated habit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> after verb stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with active verbs (e.g., \uba39\ub2e4, \ubcf4\ub2e4, \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub2e4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc694\uc998 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc694\uc998 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when <strong>the action is happening right now<\/strong> or continuing repeatedly.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when <strong>the action is happening right now<\/strong> or continuing repeatedly."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> describes <strong>a state that remains after an action has finished<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s often used with verbs of <strong>position, attachment, or change of state<\/strong> (\uc549\ub2e4, \uc11c\ub2e4, \uc5f4\ub2e4, \ub2eb\ub2e4, \ucf1c\ub2e4, \ub193\ub2e4, \uac78\ub2e4, etc.).<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> describes <strong>a state that remains after an action has finished<\/strong>.<br>It\u2019s often used with verbs of <strong>position, attachment, or change of state<\/strong> (\uc549\ub2e4, \uc11c\ub2e4, \uc5f4\ub2e4, \ub2eb\ub2e4, \ucf1c\ub2e4, \ub193\ub2e4, \uac78\ub2e4, etc.)."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Resulting state after an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4 \/ -\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> depending on the stem vowel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with <strong>stative verbs<\/strong> that describe positions or completed results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Resulting state after an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> Attach <strong>-\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4 \/ -\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> depending on the stem vowel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context:<\/strong> Used with <strong>stative verbs<\/strong> that describe positions or completed results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uadf8\ub9bc\uc774 \ubcbd\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uadf8\ub9bc\uc774 \ubcbd\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when describing <strong>the result of an action that continues to exist<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> when describing <strong>the result of an action that continues to exist<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How They Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>","content":"How They Appear in TOPIK 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>These two forms are often tested in listening and grammar sections.<br>To choose the right one, check <strong>if the verb describes an active action or a state\/result<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"These two forms are often tested in listening and grammar sections.<br>To choose the right one, check <strong>if the verb describes an active action or a state\/result<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ubbfc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ud558( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ubbfc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \ud558( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (Action in progress: \u201cShe is talking on the phone.\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (Action in progress: \u201cShe is talking on the phone.\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 2","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State: \u201cThe door is open.\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2462 \uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State: \u201cThe door is open.\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 3","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549( ).<br>\u2460 \uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State after completion: \u201cThe friend is sitting.\u201d)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\u2705 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc544 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> (State after completion: \u201cThe friend is sitting.\u201d)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>","content":"Study Tip for TOPIK Learners","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Action in progress \u2192 -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State after completion \u2192 -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uacb0\uacfc + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \ubb38\uc774 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice comparing pairs:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Action in progress \u2192 -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc9c0\uae08 + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \uc9c0\uae08 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State after completion \u2192 -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uacb0\uacfc + (\ub3d9\uc0ac) + -\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2192 \ubb38\uc774 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice comparing pairs:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/table","render":"<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)<\/th><th>State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","content":"<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)<\/th><th>State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.<\/td><td>\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","data":{"rows":[{"style":{"background-color":"","text-color":"","is_head":true},"columns":[{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)"}],"data":{"html":"Progress (\ud589\ub3d9)"},"style":{"align":"left"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)","content":[{"type":"text","data":"State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)"}],"data":{"html":"State (\uc0c1\ud0dc)"},"style":{"align":"left"}}]},{"style":{"background-color":"","text-color":"","is_head":false},"columns":[{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."}],"data":{"html":"\uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."},"style":{"align":"left"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."}],"data":{"html":"\ubb38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."},"style":{"align":"left"}}]},{"style":{"background-color":"","text-color":"","is_head":false},"columns":[{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."}],"data":{"html":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."},"style":{"align":"left"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."}],"data":{"html":"\uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."},"style":{"align":"left"}}]},{"style":{"background-color":"","text-color":"","is_head":false},"columns":[{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694.","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."}],"data":{"html":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694."},"style":{"align":"left"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694"}],"data":{"html":"\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694"},"style":{"align":"left"}}]}]},"style":{"textColor":"","layout":"regular","parent_style":{},"hasFixedLayout":false}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> both describe continuity, but <strong>the first shows an action in progress<\/strong>, while <strong>the second describes a continuing result or state<\/strong>. Recognizing the difference between \u201cdoing\u201d and \u201cbeing (after doing)\u201d is essential for mastering TOPIK grammar.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<strong>-\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc544\/\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> both describe continuity, but <strong>the first shows an action in progress<\/strong>, while <strong>the second describes a continuing result or state<\/strong>. Recognizing the difference between \u201cdoing\u201d and \u201cbeing (after doing)\u201d is essential for mastering TOPIK grammar."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Continue your TOPIK grammar journey with our full comparison series!<br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Continue your TOPIK grammar journey with our full comparison series!<br><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<p><\/p>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}}],"bb_access":{"can_access":true,"restrict_message":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14765,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14760\/revisions\/14765"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}