{"id":14678,"date":"2025-10-17T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/?p=14678"},"modified":"2025-10-02T12:21:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T03:21:42","slug":"korean-grammar-topik1-%ec%9c%bc%eb%8b%88%ea%b9%8c-vs-%ec%9c%bc%e3%84%b4-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/korean-grammar-topik1-%ec%9c%bc%eb%8b%88%ea%b9%8c-vs-%ec%9c%bc%e3%84%b4-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Korean Grammar: -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in TOPIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370.jpg\" alt=\"TOPIK 1 Grammar -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370\" class=\"wp-image-14672\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For <a href=\"https:\/\/topik.go.kr\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"topik.go.kr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPIK 1<\/a> learners, grammar endings that connect two clauses can be tricky because they look similar but express very different relationships. Two of the most common are <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (reason\/cause) and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> (background\/contrast). Knowing when to use each one will help you avoid common mistakes in the exam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-32-%ec%9c%bc%eb%8b%88%ea%b9%8c\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-16-%ec%9d%80-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll compare these two grammar points, show clear examples, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> expresses a <strong>reason<\/strong> or <strong>cause<\/strong>. It is similar to \u201cbecause\u201d or \u201csince.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function<\/strong>: Explains why something happens or the reason for advice\/command.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>: Attach <strong>-\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after vowel or \u3139-final stems, <strong>-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after consonant stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Often used in polite conversation, instructions, or justifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc637\uc744 \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uac8c \uc785\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504\ub2c8\uae4c \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc74d\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \ud53c\uace4\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c \uc77c\ucc0d \uc7a1\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> when one action is the <strong>reason<\/strong> for another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several functions, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it is mainly used to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Provide background information<\/strong> before the main statement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong> two situations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soften a statement or connect naturally<\/strong> in conversation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a consonant \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a vowel \u2192 <strong>-\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Frequently used in spoken Korean, storytelling, or polite requests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for <strong>background, contrast, or softer connection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How These Grammar Points Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In TOPIK 1, test questions often check whether the sentence needs a <strong>reason (-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c)<\/strong> or <strong>background\/contrast (-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504( ) \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uac11\uc2dc\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \u3134\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: because I\u2019m hungry.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc800\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c( ) \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Contrast: I am Korean, but my younger sibling is American.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec: \ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucc38 \ub365\ub124\uc694.<br>\ub0a8: \ub124, \ub365( ) \uc2dc\uc6d0\ud55c \uc74c\ub8cc \ub9c8\uc2dc\ub7ec \uac08\uae4c\uc694?<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: since it\u2019s hot, let\u2019s get something cold to drink.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ask yourself<\/strong>: Is the sentence giving a <strong>reason<\/strong> or just providing <strong>background\/contrast<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>reason\/justification<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>background, contrast, or connecting context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice by changing the same sentence into both forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (Reason \u2192 Because it\u2019s cold, I stay home.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (Contrast \u2192 It\u2019s cold, but I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are both useful connectors, but they serve different purposes. One shows a <strong>reason<\/strong>, the other provides <strong>background or contrast<\/strong>. Knowing the difference will help you answer TOPIK 1 questions with confidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Want more Korean grammar tips for TOPIK? <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 For TOPIK 1 learners, grammar endings that connect two clauses can be tricky because they look similar but express very different relationships.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-grammar"],"comments_count":0,"content_native":[{"type":"core\/image","render":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370.jpg\" alt=\"TOPIK 1 Grammar -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370\" class=\"wp-image-14672\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","content":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370.jpg","data":{"alt":"TOPIK 1 Grammar -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","src":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/TOPIK-1-Grammar-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c-vs-\uc73c\u3134\ub294\ub370.jpg","linkDestination":"none","align":"center"},"style":{"width":"600px","height":600,"align":"center","parent_style":{},"sizeSlug":"full","alignSelf":"center"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/h2>","content":"-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>For <a href=\"https:\/\/topik.go.kr\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"topik.go.kr\">TOPIK 1<\/a> learners, grammar endings that connect two clauses can be tricky because they look similar but express very different relationships. Two of the most common are <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (reason\/cause) and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> (background\/contrast). Knowing when to use each one will help you avoid common mistakes in the exam.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"For <a href=\"https:\/\/topik.go.kr\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"topik.go.kr\">TOPIK 1<\/a> learners, grammar endings that connect two clauses can be tricky because they look similar but express very different relationships. Two of the most common are <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (reason\/cause) and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> (background\/contrast). Knowing when to use each one will help you avoid common mistakes in the exam."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-32-%ec%9c%bc%eb%8b%88%ea%b9%8c\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-16-%ec%9d%80-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-32-%ec%9c%bc%eb%8b%88%ea%b9%8c\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-16-%ec%9d%80-%eb%8a%94%eb%8d%b0\/\">How to Use -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370 in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>In this article, we\u2019ll compare these two grammar points, show clear examples, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"In this article, we\u2019ll compare these two grammar points, show clear examples, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Grammar Focus \u2013 -(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c vs -(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> expresses a <strong>reason<\/strong> or <strong>cause<\/strong>. It is similar to \u201cbecause\u201d or \u201csince.\u201d<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> expresses a <strong>reason<\/strong> or <strong>cause<\/strong>. It is similar to \u201cbecause\u201d or \u201csince.\u201d"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function<\/strong>: Explains why something happens or the reason for advice\/command.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>: Attach <strong>-\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after vowel or \u3139-final stems, <strong>-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after consonant stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Often used in polite conversation, instructions, or justifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Function<\/strong>: Explains why something happens or the reason for advice\/command.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>: Attach <strong>-\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after vowel or \u3139-final stems, <strong>-\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> after consonant stems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Often used in polite conversation, instructions, or justifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc637\uc744 \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uac8c \uc785\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504\ub2c8\uae4c \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc74d\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \ud53c\uace4\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c \uc77c\ucc0d \uc7a1\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc637\uc744 \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uac8c \uc785\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504\ub2c8\uae4c \ubc25\uc744 \uba39\uc74d\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \ud53c\uace4\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c \uc77c\ucc0d \uc7a1\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> when one action is the <strong>reason<\/strong> for another.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> when one action is the <strong>reason<\/strong> for another."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several functions, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it is mainly used to:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The ending <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> has several functions, but at the TOPIK 1 level, it is mainly used to:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Provide background information<\/strong> before the main statement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong> two situations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soften a statement or connect naturally<\/strong> in conversation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Provide background information<\/strong> before the main statement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong> two situations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soften a statement or connect naturally<\/strong> in conversation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a consonant \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a vowel \u2192 <strong>-\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Frequently used in spoken Korean, storytelling, or polite requests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb stems \u2192 <strong>-\ub294\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a consonant \u2192 <strong>-\uc740\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adjective stems ending with a vowel \u2192 <strong>-\u3134\ub370<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Frequently used in spoken Korean, storytelling, or polite requests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc778\ub370 \uc81c \uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud574\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for <strong>background, contrast, or softer connection<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: Use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> for <strong>background, contrast, or softer connection<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How These Grammar Points Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h2>","content":"How These Grammar Points Appear in TOPIK 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>In TOPIK 1, test questions often check whether the sentence needs a <strong>reason (-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c)<\/strong> or <strong>background\/contrast (-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370)<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"In TOPIK 1, test questions often check whether the sentence needs a <strong>reason (-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c)<\/strong> or <strong>background\/contrast (-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370)<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504( ) \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uac11\uc2dc\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \u3134\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ubc30\uac00 \uace0\ud504( ) \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uac11\uc2dc\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \u3134\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: because I\u2019m hungry.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: because I\u2019m hungry.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc800\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c( ) \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc800\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c( ) \uc81c \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Contrast: I am Korean, but my younger sibling is American.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2461 \uc778\ub370<\/strong> (Contrast: I am Korean, but my younger sibling is American.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)<\/h3>","content":"Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc5ec: \ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucc38 \ub365\ub124\uc694.<br>\ub0a8: \ub124, \ub365( ) \uc2dc\uc6d0\ud55c \uc74c\ub8cc \ub9c8\uc2dc\ub7ec \uac08\uae4c\uc694?<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc5ec: \ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucc38 \ub365\ub124\uc694.<br>\ub0a8: \ub124, \ub365( ) \uc2dc\uc6d0\ud55c \uc74c\ub8cc \ub9c8\uc2dc\ub7ec \uac08\uae4c\uc694?<br>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<br>\u2461 \uc740\ub370<br>\u2462 \uac8c \ub418\ub2e4<br>\u2463 \uc744 \ub54c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: since it\u2019s hot, let\u2019s get something cold to drink.)<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> (Reason: since it\u2019s hot, let\u2019s get something cold to drink.)"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h2>","content":"Study Tip for TOPIK Learners","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ask yourself<\/strong>: Is the sentence giving a <strong>reason<\/strong> or just providing <strong>background\/contrast<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>reason\/justification<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>background, contrast, or connecting context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice by changing the same sentence into both forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ask yourself<\/strong>: Is the sentence giving a <strong>reason<\/strong> or just providing <strong>background\/contrast<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>reason\/justification<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If it\u2019s <strong>background, contrast, or connecting context<\/strong>, use <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice by changing the same sentence into both forms:<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (Reason \u2192 Because it\u2019s cold, I stay home.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (Contrast \u2192 It\u2019s cold, but I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b0\ub2c8\uae4c \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. (Reason \u2192 Because it\u2019s cold, I stay home.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0a0\uc528\uac00 \ucd94\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud574\uc694. (Contrast \u2192 It\u2019s cold, but I have to go out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>","content":"Conclusion","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are both useful connectors, but they serve different purposes. One shows a <strong>reason<\/strong>, the other provides <strong>background or contrast<\/strong>. Knowing the difference will help you answer TOPIK 1 questions with confidence.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<strong>-(\uc73c)\ub2c8\uae4c<\/strong> and <strong>-(\uc73c)\u3134\/\ub294\ub370<\/strong> are both useful connectors, but they serve different purposes. One shows a <strong>reason<\/strong>, the other provides <strong>background or contrast<\/strong>. Knowing the difference will help you answer TOPIK 1 questions with confidence."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Want more Korean grammar tips for TOPIK? <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Want more Korean grammar tips for TOPIK? <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/jaem-korean-books\/\"><strong>Keep studying with our TOPIK 1 book<\/strong><\/a>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"<p><\/p>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}}],"bb_access":{"can_access":true,"restrict_message":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14678"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14679,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14678\/revisions\/14679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}