{"id":14586,"date":"2025-09-12T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/?p=14586"},"modified":"2025-09-09T22:05:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T13:05:00","slug":"korean-grammar-topik1-comparing-%ec%97%90-and-%ec%97%90%ea%b2%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/korean-grammar-topik1-comparing-%ec%97%90-and-%ec%97%90%ea%b2%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Korean Grammar: Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1.jpg\" alt=\"Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK 1\" class=\"wp-image-14588\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction \u2013 Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Particles are one of the trickiest parts of Korean grammar for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOPIK<\/a> beginners. In particular, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> look simple, but their functions are very different. Mastering them will make a big difference in your exam score.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-40-%ec%97%90%ea%b2%8c-%ed%95%9c%ed%85%8c\/\">How to Use -\uc5d0\uac8c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this post, we will compare <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, show you how they are used, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions so you can test yourself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> vs. <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The particle <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> is mainly used to mark a <strong>place<\/strong> or <strong>time<\/strong>. It answers questions like <em>Where?<\/em> and <em>When?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Place<\/strong>: It tells us the destination or location of an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Time<\/strong>: It tells us when something happens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Uses<\/strong>: In advanced grammar, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> can also show causes or reasons (\uc608: \ud589\ubcf5\uc5d0 \uc0b4\ub2e4), but in TOPIK 1 it usually focuses on place and time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucc45\uc740 \ucc45\uc0c1 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence describes <strong>a location or time frame<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The particle <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is used to mark the <strong>receiver<\/strong> of an action, usually a living being (a person or an animal). It often answers the question <em>To whom?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Receiver of an action<\/strong>: The subject gives, sends, or says something to another person.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Politeness<\/strong>: In spoken Korean, <strong>\ud55c\ud14c<\/strong> is often used instead of <strong>\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, and <strong>\uaed8<\/strong> is used for honorifics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restriction<\/strong>: You cannot use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> for inanimate objects (e.g., \u2718 \ucc45\uc5d0\uac8c, \u2718 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc218\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc25\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence has a <strong>receiver (a person or animal)<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How These Particles Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Both particles are frequently tested in TOPIK 1. Learners must quickly distinguish whether the blank refers to <strong>a place\/time (-\uc5d0)<\/strong> or <strong>a receiver (-\uc5d0\uac8c)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc800\ub294 \uc57d\uad6d( ) \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc5d0<br>\u2461 \uc744<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uac8c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uc11c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc5d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc218\ubbf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc218\ubbf8( ) \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \ub3c4<br>\u2461 \ub97c<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uc11c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790\uae30\ub9cc \uc544\ub294 \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0 \uce74\ub4dc\ub85c \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. ( ) \uc0ac\ub78c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub098 \uc5bc\uad74 \ubaa8\uc591\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0<br>\u2461 \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74<br>\u2462 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2463 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 This type checks your understanding of <strong>connectors<\/strong>, but knowing particles helps you interpret the logic correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When preparing for TOPIK, practice these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify the subject \u2192 Is it a place\/time or a person\/animal?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eliminate unlikely options (\uc608: object markers, connectors).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat practice with past TOPIK questions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>By practicing repeatedly, you\u2019ll automatically know when to choose <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> or <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> under exam pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the difference between <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is a must for TOPIK beginners. They may look simple, but they appear again and again in the test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Want more TOPIK tips and practice? Join our learning community today!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udc49 Just starting Korean?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction \u2013 Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK Particles are one of the trickiest parts of Korean grammar for TOPIK beginners. In particular, -\uc5d0 and\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korean-grammar"],"comments_count":0,"content_native":[{"type":"core\/image","render":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1.jpg\" alt=\"Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK 1\" class=\"wp-image-14588\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","content":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1.jpg","data":{"alt":"Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK 1","src":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Comparing-\uc5d0-and-\uc5d0\uac8c-in-TOPIK-1.jpg","linkDestination":"none","align":"center"},"style":{"width":"600px","height":600,"align":"center","parent_style":{},"sizeSlug":"full","alignSelf":"center"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction - Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK<\/h2>","content":"Introduction - Comparing -\uc5d0 and -\uc5d0\uac8c in TOPIK","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h2","fontSize":"27px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Particles are one of the trickiest parts of Korean grammar for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\">TOPIK<\/a> beginners. In particular, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> look simple, but their functions are very different. Mastering them will make a big difference in your exam score.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Particles are one of the trickiest parts of Korean grammar for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.topik.go.kr\/TWINFO\/TWINFO0020.do\">TOPIK<\/a> beginners. In particular, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> look simple, but their functions are very different. Mastering them will make a big difference in your exam score."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udccc Related grammar guides:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-40-%ec%97%90%ea%b2%8c-%ed%95%9c%ed%85%8c\/\">How to Use -\uc5d0\uac8c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/korean-grammar-lesson-40-%ec%97%90%ea%b2%8c-%ed%95%9c%ed%85%8c\/\">How to Use -\uc5d0\uac8c in Korean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>In this post, we will compare <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, show you how they are used, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions so you can test yourself.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"In this post, we will compare <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, show you how they are used, and provide TOPIK-style practice questions so you can test yourself."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grammar Focus \u2013 <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> vs. <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"Grammar Focus \u2013 -\uc5d0 vs. -\uc5d0\uac8c","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong><\/h4>","content":"-\uc5d0","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The particle <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> is mainly used to mark a <strong>place<\/strong> or <strong>time<\/strong>. It answers questions like <em>Where?<\/em> and <em>When?<\/em><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The particle <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> is mainly used to mark a <strong>place<\/strong> or <strong>time<\/strong>. It answers questions like <em>Where?<\/em> and <em>When?<\/em>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Place<\/strong>: It tells us the destination or location of an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Time<\/strong>: It tells us when something happens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Uses<\/strong>: In advanced grammar, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> can also show causes or reasons (\uc608: \ud589\ubcf5\uc5d0 \uc0b4\ub2e4), but in TOPIK 1 it usually focuses on place and time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Place<\/strong>: It tells us the destination or location of an action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Time<\/strong>: It tells us when something happens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Uses<\/strong>: In advanced grammar, <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> can also show causes or reasons (\uc608: \ud589\ubcf5\uc5d0 \uc0b4\ub2e4), but in TOPIK 1 it usually focuses on place and time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucc45\uc740 \ucc45\uc0c1 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucc45\uc740 \ucc45\uc0c1 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence describes <strong>a location or time frame<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence describes <strong>a location or time frame<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/h4>","content":"-\uc5d0\uac8c","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>The particle <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is used to mark the <strong>receiver<\/strong> of an action, usually a living being (a person or an animal). It often answers the question <em>To whom?<\/em><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"The particle <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is used to mark the <strong>receiver<\/strong> of an action, usually a living being (a person or an animal). It often answers the question <em>To whom?<\/em>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Receiver of an action<\/strong>: The subject gives, sends, or says something to another person.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Politeness<\/strong>: In spoken Korean, <strong>\ud55c\ud14c<\/strong> is often used instead of <strong>\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, and <strong>\uaed8<\/strong> is used for honorifics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restriction<\/strong>: You cannot use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> for inanimate objects (e.g., \u2718 \ucc45\uc5d0\uac8c, \u2718 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Receiver of an action<\/strong>: The subject gives, sends, or says something to another person.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Politeness<\/strong>: In spoken Korean, <strong>\ud55c\ud14c<\/strong> is often used instead of <strong>\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>, and <strong>\uaed8<\/strong> is used for honorifics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restriction<\/strong>: You cannot use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> for inanimate objects (e.g., \u2718 \ucc45\uc5d0\uac8c, \u2718 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc608\ubb38:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc608\ubb38:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc218\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc25\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","content":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc800\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc218\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\ub294 \uac15\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc25\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence has a <strong>receiver (a person or animal)<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Key Point: If the sentence has a <strong>receiver (a person or animal)<\/strong>, use <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How These Particles Appear in TOPIK 1<\/h3>","content":"How These Particles Appear in TOPIK 1","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Both particles are frequently tested in TOPIK 1. Learners must quickly distinguish whether the blank refers to <strong>a place\/time (-\uc5d0)<\/strong> or <strong>a receiver (-\uc5d0\uac8c)<\/strong>.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Both particles are frequently tested in TOPIK 1. Learners must quickly distinguish whether the blank refers to <strong>a place\/time (-\uc5d0)<\/strong> or <strong>a receiver (-\uc5d0\uac8c)<\/strong>."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 1 (Reading\/Grammar)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc800\ub294 \uc57d\uad6d( ) \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc5d0<br>\u2461 \uc744<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uac8c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uc11c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc800\ub294 \uc57d\uad6d( ) \uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uc5d0<br>\u2461 \uc744<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uac8c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uc11c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc5d0<\/strong><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2460 \uc5d0<\/strong>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 2 (Reading\/Grammar)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc218\ubbf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc218\ubbf8( ) \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \ub3c4<br>\u2461 \ub97c<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uc11c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc218\ubbf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc218\ubbf8( ) \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \ub3c4<br>\u2461 \ub97c<br>\u2462 \uc5d0\uc11c<br>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong><\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Correct answer: <strong>\u2463 \uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong>"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)<\/h4>","content":"Example Question 3 (Listening\/Integrated)","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h4","fontSize":"18px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\uc790\uae30\ub9cc \uc544\ub294 \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0 \uce74\ub4dc\ub85c \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. ( ) \uc0ac\ub78c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub098 \uc5bc\uad74 \ubaa8\uc591\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0<br>\u2461 \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74<br>\u2462 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2463 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\uc790\uae30\ub9cc \uc544\ub294 \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0 \uce74\ub4dc\ub85c \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. ( ) \uc0ac\ub78c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub098 \uc5bc\uad74 \ubaa8\uc591\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2460 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0<br>\u2461 \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74<br>\u2462 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc<br>\u2463 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 This type checks your understanding of <strong>connectors<\/strong>, but knowing particles helps you interpret the logic correctly.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 This type checks your understanding of <strong>connectors<\/strong>, but knowing particles helps you interpret the logic correctly."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study Tip for TOPIK Learners<\/h3>","content":"Study Tip for TOPIK Learners","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>When preparing for TOPIK, practice these steps:<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"When preparing for TOPIK, practice these steps:"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/list","render":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify the subject \u2192 Is it a place\/time or a person\/animal?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eliminate unlikely options (\uc608: object markers, connectors).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat practice with past TOPIK questions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","content":"<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify the subject \u2192 Is it a place\/time or a person\/animal?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eliminate unlikely options (\uc608: object markers, connectors).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat practice with past TOPIK questions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","data":[],"style":{"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>By practicing repeatedly, you\u2019ll automatically know when to choose <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> or <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> under exam pressure.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"By practicing repeatedly, you\u2019ll automatically know when to choose <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> or <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> under exam pressure."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/separator","render":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","content":null,"data":[],"style":{"layout":"default","backgroundColor":"#000000","parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>Understanding the difference between <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is a must for TOPIK beginners. They may look simple, but they appear again and again in the test.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"Understanding the difference between <strong>-\uc5d0<\/strong> and <strong>-\uc5d0\uac8c<\/strong> is a must for TOPIK beginners. They may look simple, but they appear again and again in the test."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83d\udc49 Want more TOPIK tips and practice? Join our learning community today!<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83d\udc49 Want more TOPIK tips and practice? Join our learning community today!"}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}},{"type":"core\/heading","render":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udc49 Just starting Korean?<\/h3>","content":"\ud83d\udc49 Just starting Korean?","data":[],"style":{"align":"left","parent_style":{},"header":"h3","fontSize":"21px"}},{"type":"core\/paragraph","render":"<p>\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea.<\/p>","content":[{"type":"text","data":"\ud83c\udf31 Our<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jaem.io\/product\/topik-1-book-basic\/\">TOPIK 1 book<\/a><\/strong> gives you the <strong>foundation<\/strong> to pass the exam and enjoy daily life in Korea."}],"data":[],"style":{"textAlign":"left","color":null,"dropCap":false,"parent_style":{}}}],"bb_access":{"can_access":true,"restrict_message":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14590,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14586\/revisions\/14590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jaem.io\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}